Pump and Dump
Not all stock pitch is a pump and dump scheme. Many investors or public relations advisors sincerely want a company to succeed and use their skills to help decent companies noticed by prospective investors.
There are also promoters who dupe investors putting their money into companies that are not viable investments. Usually, a bad company will attract bad stock promoters.
Previously, pump and dump syndicates used cold calls or telemarketing to promote their stock, Jordan Belfort in the movie Wolf of Wall Street is a movie centered with pump and dump activities. The advent of the internet now offers a cheaper and easier way to reach a large number of potential investors.
Companies with the characteristics of operating pump and dump
A variety of reorganization activities, which include merger deals or change of share capital
A very busy public relations department that blows its own trumpet. Issuing numerous press releases announcing new deals and products, stating a strong potential and goods fortune to be made.
Dubious connection and a high level of related party transaction
Trading surge
How do they operate?
Claiming they have insider information about impending news
Newsletter offering bias recommendations, which provides false, misleading or greatly exaggerated statements
Touting a company as a hot stock with bright potential
Post messages in chat apps, forums, and social media
If it is successful, it will entice investors to purchase shares of the target company. The increased demand, price, and volume would convince more people to believe the hype and buy the shares as well.
The promoters dump their shares and stop promoting the stock
The price plummets, leaving investors holding stock that is worth significantly less than what they paid for
They pick another company and start the cycle again
What company do they pick?
Micro or small-cap stock
Highly illiquid stock that can have sharp price movements when volume increase
Major shareholders who agree to work alongside the promoter
Is it legal?
No, it is illegal and can lead to heavy fines
